In 2016, following robust public pressure, the Australian Government legalised medicinal cannabis (MC) for the therapeutic management of specific indications, namely epilepsy, nausea and vomiting, chronic pain, spasticity of MS, insomnia and “palliation”. The introduction was not underpinned by research evidence from clinical trials and did not mandate systematic monitoring of efficacy, adverse effects or long-term effects. There has been an exponential rise in the number of prescriptions approved for MC since that time. Most have been for chronic pain and anxiety with smaller numbers for sleep, cancer pain and symptom management, neuropathic pain and PTSD. Cannabis is a complex combination of over 400 compounds, the most predominant of which are tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). To date there are many unknowns when it comes to prescribing MC, for example what are the best products/combinations of cannabinoids, routes of administration, dose/schedule, symptoms to target and adverse effects. With a few exceptions, research to date has been unable to define the best place for MC in everyday practice. Our research program, run by the Qld Palliative Care Research Group, is aiming to resolve some of these uncertainties.