Background: Surgery is the standard treatment for early-stage colorectal and upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers. Prehabilitation aims to improve preoperative functional reserves through physical, nutritional, and/or psychological interventions. We aimed to evaluate the implementation of a multimodal prehabilitation program in gastrointestinal cancer surgery patients.
Methods: Single-arm implementation trial using a pre-post study design. Colorectal or UGI cancer patients scheduled for curative intent surgery at Concord Hospital, with ≥14 days pre-surgery were recruited. Intervention delivered face-to-face or by telehealth (COVID adaptations): 2-4-week program consisting of: i) supervised exercise (minimum 1/week); ii) dietary education session and daily high protein supplement; iii) weekly nursing support. Assessments: baseline, pre-surgery, and 30-days post-surgery. Primary outcome: implementation using RE-AIM (Reach/Efficacy/Adoption/Implementation/Maintenance) framework. Secondary outcomes included functional capacity, nutritional and psychological status changes.
Results: 198 were screened over 16 months; 100 (51%) were eligible.
Reach/representativeness: 77/100 recruited (64 colorectal, 13 UGI). Mean (SD) age 67 (12.4) years; 46 (60%) males. Median intervention duration 16 days (IQR:8).
Adoption: 91% (70/77) referrals directly from surgeons.
Implementation: 72/77 completed the intervention (34% of assessments and intervention sessions delivered by telehealth). 5 withdrew: psychological stress (n=2), medical (n=1), disease progression (n=1), noncompliance COVID precautions (n=1). Adherence to all modalities was 34% (64% exercise, 81% nutrition, 63% nursing). Adherence rate for 31/35 patients was affected by staff unavailability.
Efficacy: Functional capacity (mean 6-minute walk test) change from baseline to pre-surgery 464.4m to 471.7m (p=0.775); and baseline to after surgery 464.4m to 482m (p=0.052). No significant changes were seen in nutritional and psychological outcomes.
Patient satisfaction: 96% strongly recommended prehabilitation. Clinician satisfaction was high.
Conclusions: Our results show a brief prehabilitation intervention (exercise, nutrition, psychological support) can be successfully implemented in a real-world setting; with a trend to improvement in functional capacity. Prehabilitation is an opportunity to optimise patients’ function before gastrointestinal cancer surgery.