Aims. For the subset of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) whose cancer cannot be cured, age-appropriate end-of-life discussions are critical. However, health-professionals do not feel confident or adequately-skilled to facilitate these conversations. Data is lacking to inform what kind of targeted training is needed to improve clinical practice in this area. We will describe outcomes from two studies exploring how best to equip health-professionals with the skills to effectively support end-of-life communication with AYAs.
Methods. Both studies used online survey methodology with health-professionals involved in caring for AYAs with cancer. Study 1 examined barriers to end-of-life communication among Australian and New Zealand health-professionals. Study 2 used a modified, two-round Delphi survey with a global health-professional sample to establish (i) the content and format needed in training for this communication, and (ii) feasibility, acceptability, and likelihood of uptake of different training models and modalities internationally.
Results. 105 health-professionals from Australia/NZ participated in Study 1. Participants reported that the greatest barrier to end-of-life communication was not knowing how to introduce the topic, particularly palliative care (67%) and advance care planning (72%). Health-professionals reported that they would find experiential training and workshops most helpful (77% and 75% respectively). Study 2’s global Delphi survey recruited 248 health-professionals across 8 countries. The two topics rated most important to receive training on were appropriately timing end-of-life conversations (M=8.7/10) and AYA relationship-management skills (M=8.6/10). Top barriers to attending training were lack of time (56%) and heavy caseload (49%).
Conclusions. Health-professionals need support to deliver end-of-life communication with AYAs. By identifying barriers to best-practice, and preferences for training in this area, these studies will directly inform the development of sustainable clinician-training resources, including in adult oncology health-settings. Future work will consider team and system-level resourcing factors to be addressed to ensure feasible professional capacity-building models to support best-practice.