Background
Clinical pathways (CPs) can improve health outcomes, but evidence of their impact is mixed, perhaps due to variations in CP delivery. Identifying why variations occur and their intended purpose is important to guide CP development and implementation. We developed a CP for anxiety and depression in adult cancer patients (ADAPT CP). The ADAPT CP was implemented across 12 Oncology services in NSW that were participating in the ADAPT cluster-randomised controlled trial, allowing some tailoring of the CP for local conditions. The aim was to describe the decisions and rationale for tailoring the ADAPT CP in these services.
Method
At each service a multi-disciplinary lead team was formed to make decisions about local tailoring and to plan, champion and enact the ADAPT CP implementation. Detailed notes taken during engagement meetings, and service-specific workflow diagrams, form the data for this analysis. Notes were content-analysed, and workflows reviewed, to identify decision-making themes.
Results
Of the 12 cancer services, (7 metropolitan, 5 regional), ten services were publicly funded, 10 was a public/private partnership, one was privately funded. Diverse decisions were made regarding the selection of eligible patient cohorts, how to introduce screening to patients, and screening and triage processes. Rationales for decisions included aligning with existing workflows, utilizing staff with required skills, minimizing staff burden, ensuring no patient was missed, and minimizing patient distress.
Discussion
Practical issues and staff attitudes and skills often guided CP decisions, highlighting the need to work collaboratively with health services to determine the optimal workflow for each setting. While it is yet to be determined whether some decisions were optimal relating to patient outcomes, local tailoring ensured the CP became operational at all services. Allowing time and ensuring the right people are involved are essential when tailoring new CPs prior to implementation into clinical care.