Aims: Growing evidence supports exercise for people with lung cancer. This overview aimed to summarise exercise intervention effects across the care continuum. A secondary aim was to report the most effective exercise types and settings.
Methods: Eight databases (including Cochrane, MEDLINE, CINAHL) were searched (inception-February 2022) for systematic reviews of RCTs/quasi RCTs. Eligibility: population: adults with lung cancer; intervention: exercise (e.g., aerobic, resistance, balance, respiratory muscle training) +/- non-exercise (e.g., nutrition, psychological); comparator: usual care or non-exercise only; primary outcomes: exercise capacity, physical function, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and post-operative complications. Duplicate, independent title/abstract and full-text screening, data extraction and quality ratings (AMSTAR-2) were completed.
Results: Thirty systematic reviews involving between 157 to 2109 participants were included. Most reviews (n=27) involved surgical participants (8 prehabilitation, 4 post-operative, 4 pre+post-operative, 9 mixed surgical+non-surgical) and 25 performed meta-analyses. Review quality was commonly rated critically low (n=22) or low (n=7). Prehabilitation meta-analyses (n=8) supported exercise in reducing post-operative complications and improving exercise capacity (n=6), whilst HRQoL findings were non-significant (n=3). Post-operative meta-analyses reported significant improvements in exercise capacity (n=2 out of 3) and muscle strength (n=1) and non-significant HRQoL changes (n=3 out of 4). One review reported reduced post-operative complications with pre-operative compared to post-operative interventions. Interventions delivered to mixed surgical and non-surgical populations improved exercise capacity (n=4 out of 5 meta-analyses), muscle strength (n=1) and HRQoL (n=3). Meta-analyses of interventions in non-surgical populations demonstrated inconsistent findings for changes in exercise capacity and HRQoL (n=2).
Conclusions: A large body of evidence supports lung cancer exercise interventions to reduce complications and improve physical function in pre- and post-operative populations. Additional higher-quality research is needed, particularly in the non-surgical population, with subgroup analyses of exercise type and setting.
Registration: PROSPERO CRD42015001068
Funding: The University of Melbourne (2021ECR097)