Aim: To examine whether characteristics of rural Victorian cancer clinical trials (CCTs) differ from those of metropolitan Victorian CCTs.
Methods: Using Clinical Trials Management Scheme data sourced from Cancer Council Victoria, we produced cross-tabulations of CCT location (metropolitan/rural) by six trial characteristics: trial phase, tumour stream, intervention, sponsorship type, and numbers of new and follow-up participants per trial (participants/trial). The metropolitan-to-rural ratio was calculated for each characteristic category. Mean/average (standard deviation [SD]; range) numbers of participants/trial were also calculated by location. Pearson’s chi-squared tests were performed to check for differences in characteristics between metropolitan and rural sites (p-value<0.05). Trial site locations were categorised using the Modified Monash (MM) Model.
Results: Data were obtained from 43 trial units. Seven were rurally located (MM2-7). Overall, 1,501 CCTs (90%) were conducted at metropolitan sites and 168 (10%) at rural sites. For every nine trials available at a metropolitan site, one was available at a rural site. On average, metropolitan sites had 1.2 (SD=2.8; range=0-42) new and 2.5 (SD=7.3; range=0-189) follow-up participants/trial while rural sites had 0.8 (SD=1.8; range=0-10) new and 1.13 (SD=2.3; range=0-12) follow-up participants/trial. Statistically significant differences between metropolitan and rural sites were observed for all trial characteristics except for trial intervention and the number of new participants/trial. For each characteristic, the largest differences in CCT availability between metropolitan and rural sites were: other haematological trials (37:1), phase I trials (24:1), >6 participants/trial (new: 19:1; follow-up: 16:1), commercially sponsored trials (11:1), and non-drug intervention trials (10:1). Rural sites had no trials available for head and neck cancer, sarcoma and cancers of the central nervous system.
Conclusion: Outside metropolitan Victoria, there is reduced availability and mix of CCTs. Rural cancer patients who wish to participate in CCTs need to travel to metropolitan trial sites where a larger number and variety of CCTs are available.