Background: NETs represent a rare group of heterogenous malignancies frequently arising in the gastrointestinal system. In addition to surgery, targeted therapy and chemotherapy, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PPRT) with 177Lu-octreotide showed improved PFS in advanced midgut NETs. Access to PPRT in Australia is limited to clinical trials and specialist centres. Rural/regional NET data on management are lacking, especially in the PPRT era. Therefore, aim was to evaluate treatment strategies and outcomes of gastrointestinal NETs in ISLHD over a 5-year period.
Methods: Adults diagnosed with NETs between January-2015 and August-2020 were identified from electronic health records. Gastrointestinal NETs were assessed for clinicopathological characteristics, treatment strategies and survival. Descriptive analyses were performed, and survival analysis estimated using Kaplan-Meir method.
Results: 149 patients with NETs were identified. Primary analysis included 68 patients with GI NETs. Majority were males (57%) with mean age 70-years (range:21-90). Most common primary sites were small bowel (32%) and pancreas (26%). 49% had metastatic versus localised disease at diagnosis (38%). More had grade 1/2 disease (54%) versus grade 3 (24%). Most frequent treatment modality was surgery (50%), followed by somatostatin analogues (34%), chemotherapy (30%), radiation (18%), and 177Lu-octreotide (10%). Only 50% of metastatic grade 3 disease and 40% of metastatic grade 1/2 had chemotherapy. Majority of patients (63%) were from rural/regional area, of these 29% had chemotherapy and 11% had 177Lu-octreotide. Overall survival was 60% (HR 1.09, 95%CI 0.49-2.40, p=0.84) for both metropolitan and rural/regional populations with median survival 16.8 months (range:0.59-54.74) in metropolitan versus 10.5 months (range:0.33-62.52) in rural/regional population.
Conclusion: This is the first retrospective review of patients in ISLHD with gastrointestinal NETs. Chemotherapy and PPRT is underutilized particularly in rural/regional areas, likely due to limited access to specialised scans and treatments. Further data is required to identify underlying causes to improve health outcomes in this population.