Aim
Improvements in breast cancer management continue to increase survival rates and life expectancy after treatment[1]. Yet the adverse effects of treatment may persist long term, threatening physical, psychological, and social wellbeing, leading to impaired quality of life (QOL). Upper-body morbidity (UBM) such as pain, lymphedema, restricted shoulder range of motion (ROM), and impaired function are widely reported after breast cancer treatment [2], but evidence demonstrating the impact of UBM on QOL is inconsistent. Therefore, the aim of the study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effect of UBM on QOL following primary breast cancer treatment.
Methods
The study was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020203445). CINAHL, Embase, Emcare, PsycInfo, PubMed/Medline and SPORTDiscus databases were searched to identify studies reporting QOL in individuals with and without UBM following primary breast cancer treatment, using a multidimensional QOL questionnaire. The primary analysis determined the standardised mean difference (SMD) in physical, psychological, and social wellbeing scores between UBM+/UBM- groups. Secondary analyses identified differences in domain scores between groups, according to QOL questionnaire.
Results
Fifty-four studies were included, of which 37 were conducive to meta-analysis. Types of UBM included pain, lymphedema, restricted shoulder ROM, impaired upper-body function, and upper-body symptoms. UBM+ groups reported poorer physical (SMD -1.01); psychological (SMD = -0.43) and social wellbeing (SMD = -0.61) than UBM- groups. Secondary analyses showed individuals with UBM reported having QOL poorer, or at least equal to, those without UBM across all domains.
Conclusions
The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate the significant and negative impact of treatment related UBM on QOL, pervading physical, psychological, and social domains. Efforts to assess and minimise the impact of UBM across multiple life domains are warranted to mitigate impairment to QOL after breast cancer.